---

Session 20

Unit 10: Exercises of the Student's Book

1.
1. So
2. too
3. neither
4. did
5. hadn't
6. didn't
7. either
8. So
9. but

2.
1. am I
2. did I
3. can I
4. do too
5. do I
6. do I
7. do I
8. do I

3.
1. Example
2. But Bob Philips isn't.
3. And so does Bob Philips. / And Bob Philips does too.
4. And so does Bob Philips. / And Bob Philips does too.
5. Neither does Bob Philips. / And Bob Philips doesn't either.
6. And so does Bob Philips. / And Bob Philips does too.
7. And so does Bob Philips. / And Bob Philips does too.
8. But Bob Philips didn't.
9. And so has Bob Philips. / Bob Philips has too.
10. But Bob Philips does.
11. But Bob Philips didn't.
12. Neither does Bob Philips. / Bob Philips doesn't either.

4.
Line 2 => and so is he
Line 3 => and he does too
Line 4 => and neither can he
Line 7 => but I do
Line 9 => but he isn't



MAN: This is a great restaurant. I really love Italian food.
WOMAN: So do I. Do you cook?
MAN: Not really
WOMAN: I do. I love trying out new recipes,
MAN: I eat out a lot,
IVOMAN: Oh, so do I.
MAN: Or I buy some take-out food after work and rent a video. I love old movies.
WOMAN: I do too.... Err. do you like to read?
MAN: Uh-hum. Especially biographies.
WOMAN: So do I! What about novels?
MAN: I don't read much fiction.
WOMAN: I don’t either.... What about sports?
MAN: I don't really play any sports. What about you?
WOMAN: I do. I play tennis and volleyball every week. But I never watch sports on TV.
MAN: Me neither. I watch a lot of news programs, though.
WOMAN: So do I. In fact, there's an interesting documentary on tonight at eight. It's about identical twins.
MAN: Hmm. It's seven o'clock now. If we leave now, we watch it.
WOMAN: I think that sounds good.
MAN: So do I.

5.
1. ✔✔
2. ❌✔
3. ✔✔
4. ✔✔
5. ✔✔
6. ❌❌
7. ❌✔
8. ❌❌
9. ✔✔
10. ✔✔

Unit 10: Exercises of the Workbook

VOCABULARY

A.
1 astounded
2 detest
3 startling
4 elaborate
5 identical
6 easygoing

B.
1 scar
2 divorced
3 adoptive
4 innocence
5 heritage
6 despite

GRAMMAR AND WRITING

C.
1 Neither am I
2 so will I
3 so would I
4 Neither can I
5 so was

D.
1. People in the United States speak English, and so do people in the United Kingdom.
2. Some people say that Americans don't speak very clearly, but the British do.
3. Americans like to eat meat and potatoes, and the British do too.
4. Most Americans don't work on Christmas, and neither do most British people.
5. The United Kingdom has a queen, but the United States doesn’t.
6. In the United States, voters elect a president, but they don't in the United Kingdom.

E.
1. Odyssey
2. "The poem ... Ulysses"
3. it's
4. Iliad
5. War
6. , if you can believe it,
7. obstacles: people
8. Odysseus'
9. Cyclops'
10. , the Cyclops' father,
11. Lestrigonians
12. Circe
13. twenty-two
14. , half women and half birds,
15. men's
16. monsters: Scylla
17. six-headed
18. whirlpool?
19. "This is a great story!"
20. action-packed

MULTIPLE-CHOICE REVIEW
1 B
2 D
3 A
4 C
5 D
6 D
7 A
8 C
9 B
10 C
11 A
12 D
13 A
14 C
15 D

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✍Homework:

🗣️‍Summary of the Reading in Unit 10

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Session 19:

Unit 10: Grammar

Unit 10, Grammar: Additions (So, Neither, Too, Either, But) (PDF)

Unit 10: Reading

The Twin Questions: Nature or Nurture?
by RUTH SANBOR

MARK AND GERALD are identical twins. Mirror images of each other, they also share many similarities in life-style. Mark is a firefighter, and so is Gerald. Mark has never been married, and neither has Gerald. Mark likes hunting, fishing, and Chinese food. Gerald does too.

These similarities might not be unusual in identical twins, except for one fact: Mark and Gerald were separated when they were five days old. They grew up in different states with different families. Neither one knew that he had a twin until they found each other accidentally at age thirty-one.

Average people are fascinated by twins, and so are scientists. Identical twins share the same genes. Therefore, they offer researchers the chance to study the effect of genetic inheritance on health and personality.

However, when identical twins grow up together, they also experience the same environment. How can researchers separate these environmental factors from genetic factors? By looking at identical twins who are separated at birth! Twins with completely different childhoods give researchers the chance to study the age-old question: Which has more effect on our lives. heredity (the genes we receive from our parents) or environment (the social influences in our childhood)?

Some startling coincidences have turned up in these studies. One astonishing pair is the Springer and Lewis brothers, who were adopted by different families soon after birth. The Springer family named their adopted son Jim. So did the Lewis family. When the two Jims met for the first time as adults, they discovered more surprising similarities. Jim Lewis had worked as a gas station attendant and a law enforcement agent. So had Jim Springer. Both men had had dogs. Lewis had named his Toy; so had Springer. And believe it or not, Lewis had married a woman named Linda, divorced her, and later married a woman named Betty. So had Springer.

Do our genes really determine our names, our spouses, our jobs, even our pets? The lives of other twins indicate that the question of nature or nurture is even more complicated than that.

Identical twins Andrea and Barbara, for example, were born in Germany and separated shortly after birth. Andrea stayed in Germany, but Barbara didn't. She moved to the United States with her adoptive American family. The twins grew up in different cultures, speaking different languages. Barbara didn't know she had a twin, but Andrea did, and she searched for her sister. When they met, they discovered amazing similarities. Each had a scar on her lip from an accident. Each had had a tonsillectomy —on the same day!

Nevertheless, there were important differences. Andrea is outgoing and expressive, but Barbara isn't, despite her identical genetic heritage. Both sisters got married and had two children. Andrea stayed married, but Barbara married and divorced several times.

Clearly, heredity doesn't completely govern our lives. Our environment doesn't either. The lives of twins separated at birth suggest that we have a lot to learn about the complex role these two powerful forces play in shaping human lives.

Unit 10, Reading: The Twin Question: Nature or Nurture? (PDF)

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✍Homework:

☕ No Homework for Next Session

---

Session 18:

UNIT 9: Exercises of the Student's Book

1.
2. could not have built
3. had to have gotten
4. could have planned
5. might have developed
6. may have drawn
7, could have designed
8. Could have cut
9. could have moved
10. must not have known
11. could have cawed
12. (could have) transported
13. might have been
14. may have lived
15. Could … have helped
16. could ... have visited
17. (have) written
18. could have explored
19. developed
20. must have had

2.
2. Dinosaurs must not have survived the cold.
3. A huge meteor might have hit the Earth.
4. Dust from the crash may have blocked the sun for a long time.
5. A Bigfoot couldn't have kidnapped Ostman.
6. Ostman must have seen a bear.
7. Ostman may have dreamed (OR dreamt) it.
8. He could have thought his dream was real.
9. The man must have changed the photograph.
10. The man might have seen a large fish.
11. It may have been a dead tree trunk.
12. He couldn't have seen a dinosaur.

3.
2. They might have been.
3. They couldn't have been.
4. They might have.
5. He couldn't have.
6. They may have.
7. He might not have been.
6. He must have.



4.
1. c ➨ Part of a shoe
2. f ➨ Cutting tool like a hand ax
3. e ➨ Tool for lighting fire
4. b ➨ Necklace or locket
5. d ➨ Part of a cooking utensil
6. a ➨ Sickle

5.
1. It's a ceramic pillow. Many of these have been found in the sleeping area of Chinese houses, and some have the Chinese character for pillow written on them.

2. It's a kind of ornamental safety pin. This one is from Hungary and dates to about 50 B.C. Men and women used them to fasten their woolen cloaks. Archaeologists know this because they have found these iron brooches on clothing in graves.

3. This is part of a book from the Mayan culture in Central America. It was found in Spain in 1860. Another Mayan book was found in the Bibliotheque Nationale in Paris. can now read a lot of the Mayan script, so they know that books like these recorded stories from Mayan literature, told about the gods and gave information about agriculture, pottery, astronomy, and other arts and sciences.

4. No one knows where or when this object was found so archaeologists have no clues to help them identify it. Some experts think it may have been a curler, used to curl hair in Egyptian wigs.

5. These are ice cleats. Inuits used them to walk on ice or snow. Scientists in early expeditions to the Arctic saw Inuits using them, and many Inuits still recognize them.

UNIT 9: Exercises of the Workbook

A.
reptiles: cold-blooded and covered by scales: snake
mammals: giving birth to live babies which are fed on milk: monkey
rodents: strong sham front teeth: mouth
amphibians: living both on land and in water: frog
marsupials: a pocket in which the babies are carried: kangaroo
crustaceans: a hard-outer shell and several pairs of legs: lobster

B.
1 fascinates
2 encounters
3 costume
4 carving
5 soared
6 orbit

GRAMMAR AND WRITING

C.
1 could have done
2 could have done
3 can't/ couldn't have done
4 correct
5 might have done
6 might have wanted
7 can't/couldn't have done

Henry's son, Thomas, must have done it, because the footprints were a man's size and the other man, Jack, had an alibi.

D.
1. a. They couldn't have seen Anthony Quinn because he's been dead for many years.
b. They must have seen someone who looked like Anthony Quinn.

2. a. They couldn't have finished the homework.
b. They may have started the homework.

3. a. They can't have gotten to Washington in less than an hour.
b. They might have gotten there in less than three hours.

4. a. Rick couldn't have robbed the bank.
b. Someone else must have robbed the bank.

5. a. They can't have won a million dollars.
b. They must have received an advertisement.

6. a. The President can't have called you yesterday.
b. It must have been a joke.

7. a. Kim can't have cooked a three-course meal by herself.
b. Her mother must have helped.

8. a. Lee couldn't have completed the race in under an hour.
b. He might have completed it in an hour and a half.

E.
Great Plays of Greece and Rome
Euripides' Medea
I admire Medea

MULTIPLE-CHOICE REVIEW
1 D
2 D
3 A
4 C
5 B
6 D
7 A
8 A
9 B
10 C
11 B
12 A
13 C
14 C
15 A

---

✍Homework:

🗣️‍Summary of the Reading in Unit 9

📚Exercises of the Student's Book & Workbook (Unit 9)

---

Session 17:

Unit 9: Grammar

Speculations and Conclusions about the Past

In the realm of linguistics, speculation refers to the activity of formulating possible answers to a question without possessing sufficient information to be certain. Conversely, a conclusion is the opinion formed after thoroughly considering all available information about a particular matter.

Formula of Positive Statements

Positive statements are constructed using two primary forms: the simple form and the progressive form.

Simple Form: Subject + must/had to/could/may/might have + Past Participle + ...

Progressive Form: Subject + must/had to/could/may/might have + been + Present Participle (Verb+ing) + ...

Illustration

Consider the event in the past: Tom had an accident last night.

Simple Form Examples:

• He must have driven carelessly. This indicates a 100% certainty that he drove carelessly.
• He had to have driven carelessly. Also implies 100% certainty.
• He could have driven carelessly. This suggests a 50% certainty.
• He may/might have driven carelessly. This denotes a 30% certainty.

Progressive Form Examples:

• He must have been driving carelessly. This implies a 100% certainty that he was driving carelessly.
• He had to have been driving carelessly. Also implies 100% certainty.
• He could have been driving carelessly. This suggests a 50% certainty.
• He may/might have been driving carelessly. This denotes a 30% certainty.

Formula of Negative Statements

Negative statements are similarly structured using the simple form and the progressive form.

Simple Form: Subject + couldn't/mustn't/may not/might not + have + Past Participle + ...

Progressive Form: Subject + couldn't/mustn't/may not/might not + have + been + Present Participle (Verb+ing) + ...

Illustration

Consider the event in the past: Tom had an accident last night.

Simple Form Examples:

• He couldn't have driven carefully. This indicates 100% certainty that he did not drive carefully.
• He mustn't have driven carefully. This suggests a 70% certainty.
• He may/might not have driven carefully. This denotes a 30% certainty.

Progressive Form Examples:

• He couldn't have been driving carefully. This indicates 100% certainty that he was not driving carefully.
• He mustn't have been driving carefully. This suggests a 70% certainty.
• He may/might not have been driving carefully. This denotes a 30% certainty.

Formula of Yes/No Questions

Yes/No questions can be formulated using the following structures:

Simple Form: Could + Subject + have + Past Participle + ... + ?

Progressive Form: Could + Subject + have + been + Present Participle (Verb+ing) + ... + ?

Examples

• Could Tom have driven carelessly?
• Could Tom have had bad luck?
• Could another driver have hit Tom's car?
• Could Tom have collided with another car?
• Could Tom have been talking on his cell phone?

Formula of WH Questions

WH questions are constructed using the following formats:

Simple Form: WH Word + could + Subject + have + Past Participle + ... + ?

Progressive Form: WH Word + could + Subject + have + been + Present Participle (Verb+ing) + ... + ?

Examples

• How could Tom have been driving?
• How could Tom have prevented the accident?
• What could Tom have been doing when he had an accident?

Formula of Short Answers

Short answers can be formed using these structures:

Yes: Yes, + Subject + must/had to/could/may/might + have (been).

No: No, + Subject + couldn't/mustn't/may not/might not + have (been).

Examples

• Could Tom have ignored the traffic rules?
• Yes, he could have.
• Yes, he might have.
• No, he couldn't have.
• No, he may not have.
• Could Tom have been driving carelessly?
• Yes, he could have been.
• No, he couldn't have been.

Unit 9, Grammar: Speculations & Conclusions about the Past (PDF)

Unit 9, Punctuation Note: Italics (PDF)

Unit 9: Reading

Close Encounters

In 1927, Toribio Mexta Xesspe of Peru must have been very surprised to see lines in the shapes of huge animals and geometric forms on the ground below his airplane. Created by the ancient Nazca culture, these beautiful forms (over 13,000 of them) are too big to recognize from the ground. However, from about 600 feet in the air, the giant forms take shape. Xesspe may have been the first human in almost a thousand years to recognize the designs.

Since their rediscovery, many people have speculated about the Nazca lines. Without airplanes, how could an ancient culture have made these amazing pictures? What purpose could they have had?

One writer, Erich von Däniken, has a theory as amazing as the Nazca lines themselves. According to von Däniken, visitors from other planets brought their civilization to the Earth thousands of years ago. When these astronauts visited ancient cultures here on Earth, the people of those cultures must have believed that they were gods. Since the Nazcans could have built the lines according to instructions from an aircraft, von Däniken concludes that the drawings might have marked a landing strip for the spacecraft of the ancient astronauts. Von Däniken writes, "The builders of the geometrical figures may have had no idea what they were doing. But perhaps they knew perfectly well what the 'gods' needed in order to land."

In his book Chariots of the Gods? (New York: Bantam, 1972) von Däniken offers many other "proofs" that ancient cultures had contact with visitors from other planets. Giant statues on Easter Island provide von Däniken with strong evidence of the astronauts' presence. Von Däniken estimates that the island could only have supported a very small population. After examining the simple tools that the islanders probably used, he concludes that even 2,000 men working day and night could not have been enough to carve the figures out of hard stone. In addition, he says that at least part of the population must have worked in the fields, gone fishing and woven cloth. Therefore, he concludes, "Two thousand men alone could not have made the gigantic statues.

In a later book, In Search of Ancient Gods (New York: Putnam, 1984), von Däniken sees additional "evidence" in a famous map created by a Turkish admiral, Piri Reis, in 1513. The map appears to include Antarctica, which was not discovered until 300 years later. Von Däniken believes that in 1513 map makers couldn't possibly have had the information shown in this map. He insists, "Whoever made it must have been able to fly and to take photographs." According to von Däniken, only one conclusion is possible: "To me it is obvious that extraterrestrial spacemen made the maps from space stations in orbit. During one of their visits, they made our ancestors a present of the maps."

Obvious? Well, perhaps not to everyone. Scientists, among others, are skeptical and prefer to look for answers closer to home. However, von Däniken's theories continue to fascinate people, both believers and non-believers. And even nonbelievers must admit that space visitors might have contributed to human culture. After all, no one can prove that they didn't ...

Sample Summary:
In 1927, Toribio Mexta Xesspe of Peru discovered the Nazca lines, massive designs created by the ancient Nazca culture that can only be recognized from the air. Since their rediscovery, theories about their creation and purpose have flourished. Erich von Däniken suggests that extraterrestrial visitors might have instructed the Nazcans to create these lines, possibly as landing strips for spacecraft. He expands on this idea in his books, offering various "proofs" such as the giant statues on Easter Island and an ancient map by Turkish admiral Piri Reis that allegedly includes Antarctica, which was undiscovered at the time. While many scientists are skeptical, von Däniken's theories continue to intrigue both believers and non-believers, as they spark curiosity about the potential influence of space visitors on human history.

Unit 9, Reading: Close Encounters (PDF)

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☕No Homework for Next Session

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Session 16:

UNIT 8: Exercises of the Student's Book

1.
2. b
3. a
4. a
5. b
6. a
7. b
8. b

2.
2. should have
3. shouldn’t have refused
4. shouldn't have taken
5. should ... have done
6. might have asked
7. could have paid
8. ought to have worn
9. should … have fired
10. shouldn't have
11. should …. have handled
12. ought to have warned
13. shouldn't have … fired

3.
2. I might have warned him.
3. I shouldn't have eaten all the chocolate.
4. She might have called.
5. He could have lent me some money.
6. I shouldn't have jogged five miles.
7. They shouldn't have charged me for the bag.
8. I ought to have done the laundry.
9. I should have invited her to the party.
10. He might have sent me a card.

4.
About a week ago, Jennifer was late for work again, and Doug, our boss, told me he wanted to get rid of her, I was really upset. Of course, Jennifer shouldn't have been late so often, but he might have talked to her about the problem before he decided to let her go. Then he told me to make her job difficult for her so that she would quit, I just pretended I didn't hear him. What a mistake! I ought to have confronted him right away. Or I could at least have warned Jennifer. Anyway, Jennifer is still here, but now I'm worried about my own job. Should I have told his boss? I wonder. Maybe I should have handled things differently last week. The company should never have hired this guy.



5. Listening
Items Checked:
Walk to work
Buy coat
Call Ron

6.
She should have closed the window.
She shouldn't have left the window open.
She should have made the bed.
She shouldn't have left her things on the bed.
She should have watered the plant.
She should have paid her bills.
She should have studied harder.
She should have washed the dishes.
She should have turned off the stove.
She should have put out the garbage.

UNIT 8: Exercises of the Workbook

VOCABULARY

A.
VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB
*** cognition cognitive cognitively
destroy destruction destructive destructively
regret regret regrettable regrettably
speculate speculation speculative speculatively
*** logic logical logically
paralyze paralysis paralytic paralytically

B.
1 speculative
2 Regrettably
3 cognition
4 paralysis
5 logically
6 destructive

GRAMMAR AND WRITING

C.
1 could buy
2 could have ridden
3 could see
4 could have taken
5 could have called
6 could get
7 could have gone
8 could feel

D.
1. Tom shouldn't have denied his purchase.
2. They ought to have created a budget with some "personal" money for each partner.
3. He might have treated her attitude with respect.
4. She shouldn't have accused him of irresponsibility.
5. They should have planned ahead.
6. They could have scheduled time alone with each other.
7. He shouldn't have sulked.
8. She ought not to have pretended to be sick.
9. They might have started with small tasks.
10. They could have provided containers to help organize the toys.
11. He shouldn’t 't have given up and done it himself.
12. She shouldn't have expected 100 percent change overnight.

E.
1. "This hamburger is raw!"
2. "Do you give a discount to senior citizens?"
3. "I don't know why Robin Hood robbed only the rich,"
4. "Jean says she's too busy to come out tonight,"
5. "Don't move me," the man begged, "I think my back is broken."
6. hysterically, "It's David. They've killed him."
7. "In that case," Robert said, "wouldn't it be better to go out?"
8. remarked, "Martin's watercolors can be called imaginative yet realistic."

MULTIPLE-CHOICE REVIEW
1 A
2 D
3 B
4 A
5 C
6 A
7 C
8 A
9 D
10 D
11 D
12 B
13 A
14 C
15 D

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✍Homework:

🗣️‍Summary of the Reading in Unit 8

📚Exercises of the Student's Book & Workbook (Unit 8)

---

Session 15:

Unit 8, Grammar: Obligations in the Past (PDF)

Unit 8, Punctuation Note: Quotation Marks (PART 2) (PDF)

Unit 8: Reading

Unit 8, Reading: Useless Regrets (PDF)

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☕No Homework for Next Session

---

Session 14:

UNIT 7: Exercises of the Student's Book

1.
2. must
3. 've got to, can
4. be able to, could
5. couldn't
6. can't, 'd better not
7. must
8. have got to
9. might not
10. must, will be able to
11. can, 've got to
12. don't have to

2.
Answers may vary.
1. OR 'm not able to do
2. you don't have to find out
3. should I do OR can I do
4. we'd better talk OR ought to talk OR should
5. I could hit OR was able to hit
6. I couldn't OR wasn't able to
7. That can't happen
8. you may stop OR might stop OR could stop
9. you couldn’t (OR must not) know
10. I must be
11. you'd better stop OR you've got to stop
12. you may not OR might not hit should I do
13. you might try

3.
Last night's "Medics" was awesome! I cried when Miles and Wing couldn't get married in the emergency room because that really sick patient came in. Miles was able to save the patient's life, but the priest had to leave, so they couldn't have the ceremony. Oh, well. There's always next season.

I just read in TV NOW that the actor who plays Dr. Miles might leave the show because of a contract dispute! He has to be the most talented (and best-looking!) actor around. I love him! They’d better renew his contract, or I'll stop watching!

I think they ought to handle more social issues on the show. They could do some episodes about AIDS or teen pregnancy. It's good when a show is able to entertain and educate at the same time.

Last episode shows Dr. Miles shaking hands with a sick patient and then eating an apple without first washing his hands. Come on now! You don’t have to be a rocket scientist to know you can get sick that way! The writers had better check their facts!

Help! I just started watching "Medics" and I'm confused. Can anyone tell me what the relationship is between Tania and Jax? She can’t be his mother, she's much too young! I suppose she might be his sister, but I’m not sure that makes any sense.

4.
Answers will vary.



Audio Script
MIA: I can't stop thinking of Jessie. Where is she?!
JON: Wherever she is, she's got to be scared.
MIA: She's my baby, my little girl. She must not know that it's safe to come home.
JON: She's been missing for twenty-two hours, maybe we shouldn't wait until tomorrow to call the police.
MIA: I've already called them. I keep thinking that there's something I could or should be doing.
JON: I know. Is there anything I can do? Should I call Martine?
MIA: I've been thinking about that. We'd better not tell Martine.
JON: OK. It's your decision. Have you checked with Dylan? Jess might be there.
MIA: With Dylan? She can't be with Dylan! ... I have to get that. It might be Jessie.
JON: It could be the police.

5.
2. 's got to
3. must not
4. shouldn't
5. could
6. should
7. can
8. Should
9. 'd better not
10. might
11. can't
12. have to
13. might
14. could

15. T
16. F
17. T
18. F
19. F

6.
Answers will vary.

UNIT 7: Exercises of Workbook

VOCABULARY
A.
1 D
2 F
3 A
4 B
5 E
6 C

B.
1 urgent
2 critical
3 disputable
4 commercially
5 awesome
6 assumption

GRAMMAR AND WRITING

C.
1 Could
2 Could
3 Can’t
4 Bob
5 Chet
6 Could
7 Might
8 Dave
9 Could
10 Couldn’t
11 Allen

D.
1. What time should I be there?
2. You should be there at 2:00 P.M. sharp.
3. What should I wear?
4. Should I bring a gift?
5. No, you shouldn't.
6. Should I bring something to eat?
7. Yes, you should.
8. When should I respond?
9. You should respond by May 15.
10. Should I call Aunt Rosa?
11. No, you shouldn't.
12. Who(m) should I call?
13. You should leave a message at 555-3234.

E.
1. "Don't Be Cruel."
2. "On Wenlock Edge."
3. "The Use of Force"
4. "Pulling Up Roots"
5. "When I Have Fears"
6. "stoked"
7. "remarkable" or "unusual."
8. Chapters: "Culture and Diversity" and "Social Stratification."

MULTIPLE-CHOICE REVIEW
1 C
2 C
3 B
4 D
5 A
6 D
7 B
8 C
9 C
10 A
11 B
12 A
13 B
14 A
15 A

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✍Homework:

🗣️‍Summary of the Reading in Unit 7

📚Exercises of the Student's Book & Workbook (Unit 7)

---

Session 13:

Unit 7, Grammar: Modal Verbs (PDF)

Unit 7, Punctuation Note: Quotation Marks (PDF)

Unit 7: Reading

Must-See TV

FRIDAY HIGHLIGHTS

NOWHERE TO HIDE 9 P.M. ⓭
It's the fastest animal in the world. It can run up to 70 m.p.h. It can climb trees and even swim, and still the cheetah may become extinct. You don't have to travel to Africa to find out why. Watch "The Big Cat" and learn why this beautiful animal is endangered, and what we ought to do to save it.

CRITIC'S CHOICE 9 P.M. ❹
Can't decide what to watch? You shouldn't miss tonight's "Medics." Dr. Wing and Dr. Miles might finally get married. Then again, they might not. A flu epidemic means that Wing must not leave the hospital. Can Wing and Miles find a way to the altar, or do we have to wait until next season?

MOVIE CLASSIC 10 P.M. ❼
In "It Has to Be You," baseball star Rob Gold can't hit a ball anymore. He has to face the fact that his career might be over. Then he meets a sports psychologist. Soon, Rob is able to hit the ball out of the park, but he can't strike up a romance with the beautiful psychologist.

AGAINST THE LAW 8 P.M. ❹
Who's been killing the members of a prestigious law firm? It may be a dissatisfied client, or it might even be the head of the firm. It couldn't be that cute new law school graduate, or could it? You won't be able to guess. "You'd Better Not Look" will keep you in the dark until the very end.

CARTOON CRISIS 7 P.M. ❺
Linda decides the Stimpsons can't be her real family. The only smart one in America's favorite cartoon family, Linda believes that her real family must live somewhere in Centerville, and she has got to find them. Could anyone change her mind? Her dad, Hector, might. Watch this episode of "The Stimpsons" to find out.

Unit 7, Reading: Must-See TV, Friday Highlights (PDF)

Sample Summary:
Here’s a summary of the Friday TV highlights: Start your evening with “The Stimpsons” at 7 P.M., where Linda searches for her real family in Centerville. At 8 P.M., “You’d Better Not Look” will keep you guessing about the mysterious deaths in a law firm. At 9 P.M., choose between “The Big Cat,” a documentary on the endangered cheetah, and “Medics,” where Dr. Wing and Dr. Miles might get married amidst a flu epidemic. Finally, at 10 P.M., watch “It Has to Be You,” where baseball star Rob Gold struggles with his career and romance. Enjoy your evening!

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☕No Homework for Next Session

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Session 12:

UNIT 6: The Exercises of the Student's Book

1.
2. smells
3. is smelling
4. are having
5. thinks
6. tastes
7. has
8. is having
9. is helping
10. is thinking
11. is
12. is being
13. is having

2.
Answers will vary.

What advances in technology have been the most important in the past fifty years?

The past fifty years have seen remarkable technological advancements that have significantly transformed our lives. Here are some of the most important ones:

1. Internet and World Wide Web: The development of the internet and the World Wide Web has revolutionized communication, information sharing, and commerce. It has connected people globally and created new industries.

2. Personal Computers and Smartphones: The advent of personal computers in the 1970s and smartphones in the 2000s has made computing power accessible to the masses. These devices have become essential tools for work, education, and entertainment.

3. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning: AI and machine learning technologies have advanced rapidly, enabling innovations in various fields such as healthcare, finance, and transportation. AI-powered systems can now perform tasks that were once thought to be exclusive to humans.

4. Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering: Advances in biotechnology, including DNA sequencing and genetic engineering, have led to significant breakthroughs in medicine, agriculture, and environmental science. The Human Genome Project, completed in 2003, is a notable milestone.

5. Renewable Energy Technologies: The development of renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydroelectric power has been crucial in addressing climate change and reducing dependence on fossil fuels.

6. Space Exploration: Technological advancements have enabled significant achievements in space exploration, such as the International Space Station, Mars rovers, and private space travel initiatives.

7. Medical Innovations: Advances in medical technology, including MRI and CT scans, minimally invasive surgery, and telemedicine, have greatly improved healthcare outcomes and accessibility.

These innovations have not only improved quality of life but also addressed critical global challenges

3.
April 15; 5:42 P.M,
My owners, Mr. and Mrs. Bellotti, purchased me a month ago. However, they didn't bring me to their home until yesterday, so I have only known them for one day.
There are two of us robots in the household, myself and my co-robot, who is named Helena. Helena has lived here for several months. She and I have different responsibilities. Her principal responsibilities are the care of Jane, the daughter, and the household cleaning. My principal responsibilities are the care of Joshua, the son, and the preparation of the family's meals.
So far today I have prepared breakfast and lunch. The family liked their breakfast very Much. They said the food was delicious. For the last hour I have been preparing dinner and it will be ready soon.
Later this evening I'm going to help Joshua with his mathematics homework. Joshua thinks mathematics is difficult. I think Joshua needs more self-confidence.

prinicipal = main



Audio Script
Good afternoon, this is science and technology news from WQQR. Our subject today is robots. Have you ever considered buying one of the new personal robots for your household? Personal robots have been available for several years but have been very expensive until now. The firm Ready Robotics has announced that its new affordable personal robot, nicknamed Robert, will go into mass production this month. Researchers have been developing Robert the Robot for the past five years. The company predicts that they will have sold a million units by the end of this year. Robert will be able to speak twelve languages and to perform virtually all household tasks. Its batteries will need recharging once every three months. And speaking of robots, Frances Parker of Winnipeg, Manitoba, was awakened at 3 A.M. last night by a strange noise in the kitchen. When she investigated, she discovered that the intruder was a robot that had gotten away from its owner because of a programming malfunction. Parker said that the robot was friendly and was simply trying to locate its owner. It had apparently decided that it lived in Parker's house and that its immediate responsibility was to clean up Parker's kitchen. When Parker found the robot in the kitchen, it was washing the dishes that Parker had left in her sink. The robot had already cleaned the refrigerator and mopped the floor. And that's science and technology news for today. Tune in tomorrow at this time for another edition.

New Words & Expressions

1. "Mass production": The manufacturing of large quantities of a product, often using assembly lines or automated technology.
2. "Affordable": Reasonably priced; not too expensive.
3. "Virtually": Nearly or almost completely.
4. "Household tasks": Chores or duties typically performed in a home, such as cleaning, cooking, and laundry.
5. "Recharging": Restoring energy to a battery by connecting it to a power source.
6. "Intruder": Someone or something that enters a place without permission.
7. "Programming malfunction": An error or fault in the software that controls a robot or computer.
8. "Responsibility": A duty or task that one is required or expected to carry out.
9. "Mop": Clean a floor using a mop, which is a tool for washing floors.

4.
1. F
2. T
3. F
4. T
5. T
6. F
7. F
8. F
9. F
10. T

5.
Answers will vary.

UNIT 6: The Exercises of the Workbook

A.
Verb Noun Adjective Adverb
respond response responsive responsively
attend attendance attentive attentively
visualize visualization visual visually
cooperate cooperation cooperative cooperatively
benefit benefit beneficial beneficially
resemble resemblance

B.
1 cooperative
2 resemblance
3 attentive
4 benefit
5 visually
6 response

C.
1 lives
2 has already made
3 is aiming
4 was working
5 heard 6 was looking
7 has found
8 came across
9 has collected
10 has been preparing
11 is training
12 succeeds

D.
1. She’s been eating too much lately, and she hasn’t been exercising enough.
2. He's been going to parties lately, and he hasn’t 't been studying enough.
3. He's just been talking to his grandmother, and she hasn't been feeling well.
4. She hasn't been sleeping well lately because she's been having nightmares.
5. They haven't been spending time with friends recently because they've been painting their house.
6. She hasn't been going straight home after work because she's been going to the hospital to visit her uncle.

E.
1. world-shaking ideas
2. a six-room apartment
3. nicotine-stained fingers
4. all-night peace talks
5. a nerve-racking experience
6. budget-minded shoppers
7. mind-exhausting examinations
8. man-made fibers

MULTIPLE-CHOICE REVIEW
1 B
2 D
3 D
4 A
5 C
6 B
7 D
8 C
9 A
10 A
11 D
12 A
13 C
14 C
15 B

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✍Homework:

🗣️‍Summary of the Reading in Unit 6

📚Exercises of the Student's Book & Workbook (Unit 6)

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Session 11:

Unit 6, Grammar: Contrasting Tenses (PDF)

Unit 6, Punctuation Note: Hyphenation (PDF)



Unit 6, Reading: My Friend, the Robot (PDF)

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☕ No Homework for Next Session

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Session 10:

UNIT 5: Exercises of the Student's Book

1.
2. learned
3. had been working
4. came
5. hadn't passed
6. was studying
7. worked
8. had passed
9. established
10. retired
11. had been practicing
12. used to contribute
13. has been
14. got
15. had been taking
16. got
17. would take
18. have been having
19. got
20. have been working
21- used to work
22. was working
23. met
24. became
25. arrived
26. hadn't expected
27. would succeed

2.
2. ‘d sleep
3. would usually go
4. used to be
5. used to live
6. used to be
7. ‘d spend
8. used to be

3.
2. I thought I'd probably feel just a little bit trapped, …
3. I thought that we were going to live in an apartment, …
4. I expected that there wouldn't be as much money to spend, …
5. I hoped that we'd be happy, …
6. I was sure that we were going to have a lot of fun together, …
7.I didn’t think I'd be seeing as much of my buddies, …
8. I figured that we were going to be taking lot of trips, …

4.
Dear Diary,
May 20
I just had to write today, it’s our six-month anniversary, Jim and I have been married for six months as of today. So maybe this is the time for me to take stock of my situation. The obvious question is whether I'm happy I got married. The answer is "Absolutely." When I remember what my life was like before we got married, I realize now how lonely I was before. Jim is a wonderful guy. Since we both work, we take turns doing the housework. He's really good about that. When we were dating, I wasn't sure whether or not going I was going to have to do all the housework. But I didn’t have to worry. Today we split everything 50/50. The only complaint I have is that Jim snores at night. When I tell him that, he only says, "Well, sweetie, you snore too." I don't believe it. But if this is our only problem, I guess we're pretty lucky Well, Diary, I’ve had a long and tiring day. It's time to go to sleep. I'll write again soon.
Jennifer



Audio Script
In other news, the first-ever wedding of a couple jumping from a plane in parachutes took place yesterday in the skies over Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. Samantha Yang and Darrell Hammer hired Minister Robert Martinez to jump with them out Of a twin-engine Cessna and marry them in the air before they landed. Yang and Hammer met four years ago at a meeting of the Saskatoon Sky-Divers, of which they have been members for many years. To date, each of them has made over thirty jumps. Interviewed as to why they wanted to get married in such an unusual way, Yang said, "We're just adventurous souls, I guess. We like new and different things. We didn't want a conventional wedding." Hammer agreed, adding, were going to get married on a bungee jump, but when we got to thinking about it, we decided that might be just a little too dangerous. Plus, we couldn't find a minister who would bungee-jump with us."
Reverend Martinez had never made a parachute jump before yesterday. Asked if he had ever performed such an unusual wedding ceremony before Martinez responded, "No, I think this one takes the cake. I used to be a pastor in Arizona. I would get some fairly unusual requests, I mean, for example, once I married two people on horseback, But nothing quite like this." Would he do another parachute-jump wedding—or even another parachute jump? "I don't think so," Martinez said. "No, I think this is one for the scrapbook. At this point, I can just say, 'Been there, done that."' That's the news on the half hour. Stay tuned for our next broadcast at the top of the hour.

Summary
A couple, Samantha Yang and Darrell Hammer, had their wedding while skydiving over Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. They hired Minister Robert Martinez to jump with them and perform the ceremony mid-air. Yang and Hammer, who met at a Saskatoon Sky-Divers meeting, chose this adventurous wedding because they enjoy unique experiences. Reverend Martinez, who had never skydived before, found this to be his most unusual wedding ceremony. He mentioned that he had previously married a couple on horseback but nothing as extraordinary as this. Martinez doesn’t plan to do another parachute-jump wedding, considering it a one-time experience.

New Words and Expressions:

Parachutes: Devices used to slow down the descent of a person or object falling from the sky.
Twin-engine Cessna: A small aircraft with two engines, manufactured by the Cessna Aircraft Company.
Adventurous souls: People who enjoy taking risks and trying new, exciting activities.
Conventional wedding: A traditional or standard wedding ceremony.
Bungee jump: An activity where a person jumps from a high place while attached to a long elastic cord.
Takes the cake: An expression meaning something is the most remarkable or extreme example of its kind.
Pastor: A minister in charge of a Christian church or congregation.
Unusual requests: Requests that are not common or ordinary.
Horseback: Riding on the back of a horse.
Scrapbook: A book with blank pages used for sticking pictures, clippings, or other memorabilia.
Been there, done that: An expression used to indicate that someone has already experienced something and is not interested in doing it again.

5.
1. T
2. T
3. F
4. T
5. T
6. F
7. T
8. F
9. T
10. F

6.
Answers will vary.

UNIT 5: Exercises of Workbook

VOCABULARY

A.
Prefix / Meaning / Science / Meaning
socio- / relating to society / sociology / Scientific study of society
geo- / relating to the earth / geology / Scientific study of the earth
psycho- / relating to the mind / psychology / Scientific study of the mind
patho- / relating to diseases / pathology / Scientific study of diseases
eco- / relating to the environment / ecology Scientific study of relation of plants

B.
1 attitude
2 devised
3 split
4 commitment
5 memoires
6 admired

GRAMMAR AND WRITING

C.
1 A
2 A
3 A
4 A
5 B
6 B
7 B
8 A

D.
1. By the time he graduated from college, he had moved to Massachusetts.
2. Before he appeared in New York City comedy clubs, he had gotten a part-time job as a car mechanic.
3. He wrote for TV after he had moved to Los Angeles.
4. By the time he appeared on "The Tonight Show," he had written for the TV show "Good Times."
5. He had appeared on "The Tonight Show" before he appeared on "Late Night with David Letterman."
6. When he got married, he had already appeared on "Late Night with David Letterman."
7. By the time he did his first prime-time TV show, he had performed at Carnegie Hall.
8. He had had a TV comedy special by the time he did his first prime-time TV show.
9. He had appeared on "The Tonight Show" many times when he became the permanent host of "The Tonight Show."

Unit 5, Punctuation Note: Colon (PDF)

E.
1. there categories: physical, psychological, and religious
2. , Paul,
3. June 30, 2008
4. , always worrying about money,
5. correct
6. There's, butcher's
7. An exciting story, interesting characters, and a faraway setting
8. correct
9.registration: a ballpoint
10. Abandoned by its owners, we supposed

MULTIPLE-CHOICE REVIEW
1 D
2 A
3 C
4 B
5 D
6 A
7 D
8 D
9 B
10 C
11 C
12 B
13 A
14 C
15 A

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✍Homework:

🗣️‍Summary of the Reading in Unit 5

📚Exercises of the Student's Book & Workbook (Unit 5)

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Session 9:

Unit 5, Grammar: Past Time (PDF)

Unit 5, Punctuation Note: Colon (PDF)



A Marriage Made on the Internet?

How many Americans have ever considered asking friends or relatives to select their future spouse for them? Not very many, apparently. Yet this is exactly what David Weinlick did.

Weinlick had apparently been considering marriage and had known for a long time that he was going to get married on June 13, 1998. Where the wedding would take place and who would be invited he already knew. He just didn't know who he would be marrying. You see, he hadn't met his bride yet.

It all started four years ago. Friends would repeatedly ask Weinlick, an anthropology student at the University of Minnesota, when he was going to tie the knot.

He got tired of these questions, so he just picked a date out of the blue: June 13, 1998. As this date kept getting closer and closer, Weinlick, twenty-eight, knew he had to do something. His friend Steve Fletcher came up with the idea of a democratic selection process. Weinlick liked the idea, so he advertised for a bride on the Internet on a Bridal Nomination Committee Web site.

He devised an application form and asked friends and relatives to interview the candidates and select the winner. They did this at a "bridal candidate mixer" before the ceremony on the day of the wedding. Weinlick's friends and relatives took the request quite seriously.

Though Weinlick wasn't sure who his bride would be, he did want to get married. He said he thinks commitment is important and that people have to work at relationships to make them successful. Weinlick's sister, Wenonah Wilms, said she thought that all of the candidates were nice but that she was looking for someone really special. Wilms added that it was important for her brother to marry someone who would fit into family celebrations like at Christmas.

So who won the election? It was Elizabeth Runze, a pharmacy student at the University of Minnesota. Runze hadn't met Weinlick before she picked up a candidate survey on the Monday before the wedding. They talked more when Runze turned in the survey about her career plans and hobbies the next day. After her selection, Runze said the day was the most incredible she had ever experienced. Weinlick was happy, too. After the selection the groom said the plan turned out almost exactly as he had hoped.

By the time the wedding day rolled around, Weinlick had prepared everything: the rings, the musicians, his tuxedo, and the reception afterwards. The two took their vows at the Mall of America in Minneapolis while about 2,000 shoppers looked on from the upper levels of the mall.

Weinlick and Runze's union qualifies as an "arranged marriage," a phenomenon which has never had much currency in America. Arranged marriages are common in many other parts of the world, though, or at least they used to be.

Runze's parents support the marriage. Runze's mother said her daughter was taking the whole event seriously. She predicted the couple's marriage would be long-term. Weinlick's father wasn't so positive. He said he admired his son's independence and wished him well but wasn't really happy about the wedding, adding that he thought it was a case of treating a serious step too lightly.

Unit 5, Reading: A Marriage Made on the Internet (PDF)

Sample Summary
Sample Summary: David Weinlick, an anthropology student at the University of Minnesota, decided to let his friends and family choose his bride. He had set his wedding date for June 13, 1998, but didn’t know who he would marry. Tired of being asked about his marriage plans, he picked a date and advertised for a bride on the Internet. His friends and relatives interviewed candidates and selected Elizabeth Runze, a pharmacy student. They married at the Mall of America in front of 2,000 shoppers. While Runze’s parents supported the marriage, Weinlick’s father was less enthusiastic, feeling the decision was made too lightly.

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☕ No Homework for Next Session

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Session 8:

UNIT 4: Exercises of the Student's Book

1.
1. 've been
2. has been shining
3. 've been visiting
4. 've been staying
5. 'm going
6. love
7. 'Il write

2.
Suggested order
1. We're really late. By the time we get to the flea market, they'll have sold all the best items. Those antique vases I love will be all gone.
2. Take it easy, We’ll be there in a few minutes. We'll have arrived as soon as we cross the big bridge coming up. See it?
3. Yes. But we're already an hour late. We'll have missed all the best bargains.
4. I’ll have developed a splitting headache by the time we get there if you don't stop complaining.
5. WeII, excuse me for living!
6. Just stop making all that noise!
7. Next time we're going to leave home two hours earlier. That way, even if we get lost, well still have enough time to get some good bargains. You know how I love to bargain.
8. Next time you go to the flea market, I'm staying home!

3.
1. has
2. 'll find
3. holds
4. has continued
5. is focusing
6. loves
7. don’t believe
8. travels
9. goes
10. keeps
11. live
12. will be
13. is
14. pleases

The Man's Been Nearly Everywhere (Full Article) 4.
I am writing these words in English because I need the practice. At this moment I am on an airplane over the Pacific Ocean, on my way to a year of study at New York University in the United States, I am looking forward to being there, but I am also a little afraid. What will I find when I get to America? Will the Americans be arrogant and violent? Will I make any friends? Will I be happy?

These were the words I wrote in my diary on the airplane last month. But I have been here for a month now, and I’ve found that things are a lot different from what I expected. I’ve found that the majority of people here are friendly. They go out of their way to help you if you need it.

On television, the news programs speak a lot about bad events like accidents, murders, diseases, and fights. But I don’t see as much violence in my life as I do on television. I have not been mugged and I don’t worry all the time about my safety.

Two of the ideas I had about the United States, however, seem to be true. One is that Americans don’t pay much attention to rules. One of my best American friends says in fact, "Rules are made to be broken." The other idea I had is about the American family. In Japan the family is very important, but some Japanese people think that the family means nothing in the United States. I don’t know if this is true or not. But I think it might be true, since my American friends almost never mention their parents or their brothers and sisters. Anyway I am going to have a chance to see a real American family. I'm going with my roommate Susan to spend Thanksgiving break with her family in Pennsylvania, when I see her family, I will understand more!



Audio Script
MOM: Tim? Come on! We're going to be late if you don't get up right now.
TIM: Why? Where are we going?
Mom: To the historical museum. Remember?
TIM: Do we have to? Amy and I want to go to the West Edmonton Mall.
AMY: That's right, Morn. Museums are boring.
DAD: But this is a really interesting museum. There’ll be all kinds of things to learn.
TIM: Why do we have to learn things when we're on vacation?
AMY: Dad, can't you and Mom drop us off at the mall? Then you can go to the museum.
MOM: It's all arranged, kids. We're meeting the tour bus at 9:30. In fact, if we don't get down to the lobby, we're going to miss it.
TIM: Oh, no! Not a tour.
DAD: Yes. Sometimes a tour is the best way to see things.
AMY: I hate tours. If we have to go to the historical museum, can't we at least go by ourselves?
MOM: Come on, kids. We're going to be late.
AMY: Can we go to the mall later?
DAD: Sure. Tell you what. As soon as we get back from the tour, we'll go to the mall.
TIM: Sure, Dad.

5.
1. T
2. F
3. F
4. T
5. F
6. T
7. F
8. F
9. T
10. F

6.
Answers will vary.

UNIT 4: Exercises of the Workbook

VOCABULARY
A.
severe: illness, injury, weather
strict: diet, rules, discipline

B.
1 murdered
2 concealed
3 notion
4 persuade
5 intimidated
6 arrogant

GRAMMAR AND WRITING
C.
1. will probably be working
2. will be joining
3. will be doing
4. will still be studying
5. will have taken
6. will have arrived
7. will be watching
8. will have finished
9. will have worked/will have been working
10. will you be working

D.
1. Vera is going to fly to Brazil after she finishes her summer job.
2. As soon as Vera saves enough money from her summer job, she’s going to buy a plane ticket.
3. Before Vera goes home, she's going to buy presents for her family.
4. When Vera arrives at the airport, her father will be there to drive her home.
5. As soon as Vera and her father get home, they'll have dinner.
6. Vera will give her family the presents after they finish dinner.
7. Vera's brother will wash the dishes while Vera's sister dries them.
8. The whole family will stay up talking until the clock strikes midnight.
9. By the time they go to bed, they'll all feel very tired.
10. Vera will fall asleep as soon as her head hits the pillow.

Unit 4, Punctuation Note: Apostrophe (PDF)

E.
1. it's, we've
2. Fitzgerald's, Mitford's
3. didn't, United States'
4.p's and q's
5. world's
6. e's, d's, Hildergrade's, u's
7. cars'
8. Vonette's

MULTIPLE-CHOICE REVIEW
1 C
2 A
3 D
4 B
5 B
6 D
7 A
8 C
9 D
10 C
11 b
12 A
13 C
14 C
15 B

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✍Homework:

🗣️‍ Summary of the Reading in Unit 4

📖 The Exercises of the Student's Book & Workbook (Unit 4)

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Session 7:

Unit 4, Grammar: Present & Future Tenses (PDF)

Unit 4: Reading

World Traveler

It’s a Bargain!
By Tammy Samuelson

In an open-air market in Turkey, a tourist is admiring the beautiful oriental rugs on display. She finds one she likes and asks the price. "One thousand dollars," the vendor says. She knows she shouldn't pay the full price, so she says "six hundred." "Nine hundred," the vendor counters. The woman throws up her hands in mock frustration and walks away. The vendor goes after her. Not long afterwards both vendor and buyer agree on eight hundred dollars, a 20 percent reduction. Both vendor and customer are smiling and happy. They've just participated in a ritual that has existed for centuries all over the world: bargaining.

So you're visiting another country this year? You already have your tickets, and you leave next Tuesday at 4 P.M. A week from now you'll be relaxing in the sunshine or visiting famous landmarks. By the end of the summer, you'll have been traveling for several weeks, and it'll be time to think about bringing back some souvenirs for friends and family. Souvenirs cost money, though, so maybe if you do some bargaining, you'll be able to get some good buys. What? You don't know how to bargain? You're afraid to? Relax. In my capacity as Times travel editor, yours truly has been making trips abroad since 1995, and bargaining is one thing I've learned how to do. In this week's column, I'm going to give you some tips on how to perform this most enjoyable activity.

First tip: Find out how much something is worth. When you bargain with someone, the object of the game is not to beat the vendor. It's to pay a fair price for whatever you want to buy. So do some research. Get a good idea of the general price range for an item. That way you'll be able to bargain with confidence.

OK. You've been doing your research. Now you know how much things cost, so you can go shopping.

Second tip: Never accept the first offer. You'll need to make a counter-offer when the vendor announces the price. Remember: The vendor expects this.

Third tip: Treat the vendor with respect. Remember that, while the bargaining experience should not be a competition, it should he a game. Stick to your guns, but have fun with the process. If the vendor insists it's impossible to go any lower on the price, show him or her how much money you have. But be polite.

Fourth tip: Be prepared to walk away if you don't get a fair price. Don't get angry. Just make it clear that you're not going to buy if the vendor doesn't come down. If he doesn't, start to walk away. As soon as you do this, he will most likely come running after you.

The final tip: Be sure to wear sunglasses. For centuries people of many cultures have regarded the eyes as "the windows of the soul." If you're nervous or intimidated, this will show in your eyes. Wear dark glasses to conceal your anxiety. You'll feel more confident if you do.

So, are you persuaded? Feel a little more confident, or at least a little less nervous? If you go home without having experienced bargaining, you'll have missed out on one of life's most interesting experiences. Give it a try. Have a great trip and have no fear!

Unit 4, Reading: World Traveler, It's a Bargain! (PDF)

Summary:
The article "It’s a Bargain!" offers a guide to bargaining, using a story of a tourist negotiating the price of a rug in Turkey. The tourist and vendor engage in a back-and-forth negotiation, ultimately agreeing on a price that satisfies both. The article provides tips for effective bargaining: research the item's value, never accept the first offer, treat the vendor with respect, be prepared to walk away if the price isn't fair, and wear sunglasses to conceal nervousness. The author encourages readers to try bargaining during their travels, highlighting it as a valuable and enjoyable experience.

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☕ No Homework for Next Session

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Session 6:

UNIT 3: The Exercises of the Student's Book

1.
2. strictly
3. confidential
4. exceptional
5. interesting
6. carefully
7. easy
8. quickly
9. interesting
10. highly
11. well

2.
2. stops as slowly as
3. doesn’t stop as quickly as
4. shifts as easily as
5. doesn't shift easily as
6. doesn't handle as well as
7. handles as well as

3.
2. better
3. faster
4. less
5. more rapidly
6. harder
7. more slowly than or slower than
8. more clearly
9. longer than
10. more quickly or quicker
11. as completely as

4.
3. the slowest or the most slowly
4. Slower than or more slowly than
5. the fastest
6. higher than
7. better than
8. the best
9. the worst



Audio Script
And what a race that was, ladies and gentlemen. Up until the last minute, those horses sure had us guessing. Nobody fell asleep during this race; I can tell you that. Of course, you know that Get Packin' was the winner. He did come in first, but for a long time it looked like Inspired Winner was going to win. He was running as fast as Wild Whirl, and then suddenly he started to run slower and slower. The next thing we knew he was last in line, and he stayed last the rest of the race. Yes, Inspired Winner came in last, while Wild Whirl finished a close second to Get Packin'...

5.
4. Exuberant King
1. Get Packin'
5. Inspired Winner
3. Senor Speedy
2. Wild whirl

6.
Answers will vary.

UNIT 3: The Exercises of the Workbook

VOCABULARY
A.
1 F
2 T
3 T
4 T
5 F
6 T

B.
1 strictness
2 evaluation
3 confidential
4 extensive
5 impression
6 consistently

GRAMMAR AND WRITING
C.
1. He’s running faster and faster.
2. She’s running more and more frequently.
3. He’s throwing the ball farther and farther.
4. She’s shooting more and more accurately.
5. He’s jumping higher and higher.
6. He’s running slower and slower/more and more slowly.
7. They’re skating more and more gracefully.
8. They’re practicing harder and harder.

D.
1. that => than
2. more slow => slower/ more slowly
3. the farthest => the farther
4. more frequent => more frequently
5. more quick => more quickly
6. as fast than => as fast as
7. long => longer

E.
1.Many years ago,
2. , but many of these beliefs
3. , dear friend,
4. if you break a mirror
5. Something old, something new, something borrowed, and something blue.
6. , as it may seem,
7. , or you’ll break your mother’s back
8. , I’m sure,
9. , a German novelist,
10. in fact, the more you read about superstition,

MULTIPLE-CHOICE REVIEW
1 A
2 B
3 D
4 B
5 C
6 B
7 C
8 A
9 D
10 B
11 c
12 D
13 C
14 A
15 C

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✍Homework:

🗣️‍ Summary of the Reading in Unit 3

📚 The Exercises of the Student's Book & Workbook (Unit 3)

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Session 5:

Unit 3, Grammar: Adverbs (PDF)

Unit 3: Reading

Two TV sportscasters are talking about a game in their program, "The Halftime Report." Read this transcript of "The Halftime Report."

The Halftime Report

RON: Hi, this is Ron Martin ...
WILL: ... and I'm Willie Roth. We're your hosts for "The Halftime Report."
RON: Have you ever seen these teams play more aggressively?
WILL: No, Ron, I haven't. Folks, we're watching the Bulls battle the Lakers, and both teams are playing as well as they've played all year. At the end of the first half, the Bulls are leading 47 to 44.
RON: Each team has lost its top player. Michael Jordan sprained his left ankle, and Shaquille O'Neal is out of the game because of his fouls.
WILL: But with Jordan out, that's going to hurt the Bulls worse than the Lakers.
RON: They still have Toni Kukoc. Have you been watching him lately? He's been playing more and more aggressively as the season goes on.
WILL: Kukoc is good, all right. In recent games, he's been scoring more frequently than any player except Jordan, and he's been playing the most consistently of the Bulls.
RON: The more he plays, the better he looks.
WILL: The second half is ready to begin! See you again after the game.

Summary:
In the halftime report, sportscasters Ron and Willie discuss the Bulls vs. Lakers game. The Bulls are leading 47 to 44, but both teams have lost key players: Michael Jordan due to an ankle injury and Shaquille O'Neal because of fouls. They highlight Toni Kukoc's impressive and increasingly aggressive performance as the season progresses. They sign off as the second half of the game begins. 🏀🎙️

Unit 3, Reading: The Halftime Report (PDF)

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☕No Homework for Next Session

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Session 4:

Student's Book: UNIT 2

1.
2. hotter than
3. more expensive than
4. less spicy than
5. less salty than
6. milder than
7. healthier than
8. cheaper than
9. oilier than
10. less sweet than
11. shorter than

2.
2. the better, the higher
3. The smokier, the worse
4. The more crowded, the noisier
5. the saltier, the better
6. The bigger, the harder

3.
2. That's wrong. It’s getting more and more expensive.
3. That's right. It’s getting bigger and bigger.
4. That's right. It's getting higher and higher.
5. That's wrong. It’s getting lower and lower.
6. That’s right. It’s getting more and more popular.

4.
2. not as crowded as
3. not as big as
4. not as cold as
5. as hot as
6. not as wet as
7. not as windy as
8. not as sunny as

5.
When I was a teenager in the Philippines, I was an expert on snacks and fast foods. I was growing fast, so the more I ate, the hungrier I felt. The street vendors in our town had the better snacks than anyone else. In the morning, I used to buy Puto (rice muffins) on the way to school. Putos are much sweeter than American muffins. After school, I ate fish balls on a stick or adidas (chicken feet). Snacks on a stick are smaller than American hot dogs and burgers, but are much more varied. My friend thought banana-cue (banana on a stick) was really great. However, they weren't as sweet as katnote-cae (fried sweet potatoes and brown sugar), my favorite snack. When I came to the United States, I didn't like American fast food at first. To me, it was less interesting than my native food and less tasty, too. Now I'm getting used to it, and it seems more and more delicious. Does anyone want to go out for a pizza?

6.
1. winter coat
2. soap and bubble bath
3. bracelet
4. star
5. picture frame



Audio Script
TIMOTHY: Hello! I would like to buy a very special gift for my wife.
SALES CLERK; You've come to the right place. What kind of gift are you looking for?
TIMOTHY: Well, I think...
SALES CLERK: Great let me show you what we have. Over here, in the jewelry department, we have a gorgeous bracelet. It looks like real gold, but ifs not. It's actually the least expensive gift we have in the store.
TIMOTHY: Actually, I was thinking of something ...
SAILES CLERK: Now, if beauty is not what you're after, but you still want to make it impressive how about this winter coat? She'll feel warm and loved every time she wears it. This is definitely the most practical gift we have.
TIMOTHY: Hmmmmm. She has a winter coat. I want this gift to be very special.
SALES CLERK: OK. Here are two big sellers. You could buy her one of these lovely picture frames and put in any picture you like. Use a funny picture of the two of you, and this could be the silliest gift you've ever seen. You don't seem too excited about that, OK, and then there is the very special gift for that very special person.
TIMOTHY: Yes...
SALES CLERK: This basket of soap and bubble bath. Have you ever smelled anything so sweet? This is definitely the sweetest You're not looking for sweet?
TIMOTHY: Well, as I said, I'm looking for something really special. I mean soap and picture frames ...
SALES CLERK: I've got it! Here is the most romantic gift of all. What's your wife's name?
TIMOTHY: Amalia.... But that's just a card you're holding.
SALES CLERK: No, no, no. With this card and less than fifty dollars, you can name a star Amalia, after your wife. Imagine—a real star in the sky that you have named for your wife. TIMOTHY: You're kidding.
SALES CLERK: I'm not kidding. Just read the brochure. Now, am I right? Is this the most romantic gift you've ever heard of?

7.
2. What's the funniest thing you've ever done?
3. Who's the smartest person you've ever known?
4. What's the nicest place you've ever seen?
5. Where's the hottest place you've ever been?
6. What’s the worst experience you've ever had?
7. What's the silliest thing you've ever said?
8. What's the longest book you've ever read?
9. What's the most valuable lesson you've ever learned?
10. What's the most difficult thing you've ever done?
11. What's the most enjoyable thing you've done?

Workbook: Unit 2

VOCABULARY
A.
1. peanuts
2. scallions
3. shrimps
4. lobsters
5. garlic
6. broccoli

B.
1. e
2. c
3. a
4. f
5. b
6. d

GRAMMAR AND WRITING
C.
1. NOT OK
2. NOT OK
3. OK
4. NOT OK
5. OK
6. OK
7. NOT OK
8. OK

D.
1. e
2. h
3. d
4. a
5. c
6. f
7. g
8. b

Unit 2, Punctuation Note: Commas (PDF)
PUNCTUATION NOTE
E.
1. Tom, do you know
2. insects, crumbs, and dust balls
3. inhale, exhale, and relax
4. Tribbey, Oklahoma on February 21, 1934
5. pink, black, and green
6. , as nothing else can do,
7. mind, George, if
8. , both born in 1685,
9. , like most animals,
10. eyes, relaxed manner, and pleasant smile

MULTIPLE-CHOICE REVIEW
1 D
2 A
3 C
4 C
5 B
6 D
7 A
8 B
9 B
10 C
11 B
12 C
13 C
14 D
15 C

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✍ Homework:

🗣️‍ Summary of the Reading in Unit 2

📚 The Exercises of the Student's Book & Workbook in Unit 2

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Session 3:

Unit 2, Grammar: Adjectives (PDF)

Unit 2, Punctuation Note: Commas (PDF)

Unit 2: Reading

Unit 2, Reading: Restaurant Review (PDF)

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☕No Homework for Next Session

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Session 2:

UNIT 1: Exercises

1.
3. ‘s
4. advice
5. beans
6. rice
7. Potatoes
8. are
9. vegetables
10. are
11. Is
12. equipment
13. batteries
14. news
15. stops
16. clothing
17. cold
18. bothers
19. bags

2.
1.
b. A few
c. A little
2.
a. A great deal of
b. Many
c. A great deal of
3.
a. A
b. Much
c. Some
d. Many
4.
a. Any
b. How much
c. How many
d. How much
e. Enough
f. How many
g. Enough
5.
a. Little
b. A few
c. A little
d. few

3.
October 27. I've been on the Canary Islands for three days now, I’ll Start home when the weather is better, I was so surprised When I picked my mail today- My family Sent some birthday presents to me. My birthday is the 31st. I won't open any gifts until then.

October 29. I think the weather is getting worse. I heard thunder today, but there wasn’t much rain. Typhoon and I stayed in bed. I started reading a novel, Brave New World.

October 30, I left the Canary Islands today— just like Columbus. There’s a strong wind and plenty of sunshine now. I went 250 miles.

October 31. I'm 21 today. To celebrate, I drank a little coffee for breakfast and I opened my presents. I got some perfume and some pretty silver jewelry.

November 1 The electricity is very low. I’d better save it until I get near New York. I'll need the radio then. It rained today, so I collected a little water for cooking.

4.


Audio Script
JASON: That book you found has a good recipe for cookie bars.
MEGAN: Let's make some and bring them along. What are the ingredients?
JASON: It says two cups of butter.
MEGAN: Hmmm. We don't have that much butter left. We'd better get some more.
JASON: How about brown sugar? We need three cups of that.
MEGAN: We still have a lot of brown sugar. What's next?
JASON: Oatmeal.
MEGAN: We only have a little oatmeal. What else? Is there any flour in this recipe?
JASON: Four cups.
MEGAN: Then there isn't enough flour either.
JASON: Well also need a cup of cornflakes and some eggs.
MEGAN: OK. We have a lot of cornflakes. How many eggs do we need?
JASON: Eight.
MEGAN: Eight? What are we making, an omelet?
JASON: I'm just reading the recipe. It says eight eggs.
MEGAN: We don't have that many. We only have four.
JASON: The last things are raisins and chocolate chips. I know we have a lot of those.
MEGAN: We ate the chocolate chips last night, remember?
JASON: Oh, yeah.
MEGAN: But you're right. still have a lot of raisins.
JASON: Why don't you make the list, and I'll go shopping.

Ingredients They Have Enough Of: brown sugar, cornflakes, raisins

Shopping List: butter, oatmeal, flour, eggs, chocolate chips

5.
Answers will vary.

Workbook: UNIT ONE

VOCABULARY

A.
1. e
2. d
3. b
4. f
5. a
6. c

B.
1. floats
2. heading
3. chilly
4. navigation
5. civilization
6. excerpt

GRAMMAR AND WRITING

C.
1. few
2. many
3. fewer
4. fewer
5. much
6. a lot of
7. a little
8. a few

D.
A: Does Healthy Grains have much fat?
B: No, it doesn't. What about Chocolate Puffies? How much fat does it have?
A: It has a lot.

A: Does Healthy Grains have much calcium?
B: Yes, it does. What about Chocolate Puffies? How much calcium does it have?
A: It has no calcium.

A: Does Healthy Grains have many calories?
B: Yes, but not very many. What about Chocolate Puffies? Does it have many calories?
A: Yes, it has plenty of calories.

Unit 1, Punctuation Note: Capitalization (PDF)

PUNCTUATION NOTE
E.
Line 1. volcano
Line 2. May
Line 3. Correct
Line 4. Correct
Line 5. March
Line 6. correct
Line 7. May, mountain
Line 8. correct
Line 9. correct
Line 10. Correct
Line 11. Ocean
Line 12. Kilometers
Line 13. correct
Line 14. correct
Line 15. correct

MULTIPLE-CHOICE REVIEW
1. d
2. b
3. c
4. a
5. c
6. b
7. c
8. a
9. d
10. c
11. a
12. d
13. b
14. b
15. a

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✍Homework:

🗣️‍ The Summary of the Reading in Unit 1
📚 The Exercises of the Student's Book & Workbook in Unit 1

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Session 1

Unit 1, Grammar: Nouns (PDF)

📖Unit 1, Reading:

Who Really Discovered America?

Was Columbus really the first explorer to discover the Americas? The great Norwegian explorer Thor Heyerdahl didn't think so. He believed that ancient people were able to build boats that could cross oceans.

To test his ideas, Heyerdahl decided to build a copy of the reed boats pictured in ancient Egyptian paintings and sail across the Atlantic from North Africa to Barbados. Heyerdahl's team also copied ancient Middle Eastern pots and filled them with enough food for their journey—dried fish, honey, oil, some eggs and nuts, and a little fresh fruit. Ra, the expedition's boat, carried an international group including a Norwegian, an Egyptian, an Italian, a Mexican, and a Chadian.

On May 25, 1969, Ra left Safi in Morocco and headed across the widest part of the Atlantic. Ra fell apart just before it reached Barbados, but everyone survived and wanted to try again.

On May 17, 1970, Ra II, sailing under the flag of the United Nations, successfully crossed the Atlantic in 57 days. The expedition proved that ancient civilizations had enough skill to reach the Americas long before Columbus did.

Unit 1, Reading: Who Really Discovered America? (PDF)

Sample Summary:
Thor Heyerdahl, a Norwegian explorer, believed that ancient people could build boats capable of crossing oceans. To test this, he built a reed boat like those in ancient Egyptian paintings and sailed from North Africa to Barbados. His first boat, Ra, fell apart near Barbados in 1969, but his second boat, Ra II, successfully crossed the Atlantic in 1970. This journey showed that ancient civilizations might have reached the Americas long before Columbus.

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Download Link of the Books

Student's Book & Workbook: High 1 (Zipped File)

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Introduction

Mohammad Rajabpur
Language Teacher, Computer Programmer, & Web Developer
Languages: English & French
Programming Languages: Python, C#, C++, JS, PHP

✆ 09900909701
✉ mr@anglophone.ir
Telegram: @anglophone_ir
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/mohammad.rajabpur?igsh=OHRzamU1Mjd6NGdi

Websites:
🌐 www.anglophone.ir
🌐 www.netnak.ir
🌐 www.pythonize.ir

Qualifications:
Master's Degree in Computational Linguistics from Sharif University of Technology
Master's Degree in English Language & Literature from Shahid Beheshti University

Webpage of the Class:
www.anglophone.ir/classes/0331high1/

Telegram Group:
https://t.me/+AQeSMkbqGCRiM2Jk

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The Calendar of the ILI in the Fall Term of 1403

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